Norse Mythology and Artwork
Welcome, Velkommen to Muninn’s Eyes. All artwork is based on Norse Mythology. Inspired by Muninn one of Odin’s Ravens that has and represents the power of ancient memory. Imagine you could see the world through Munnin’s eyes. This website is a work in progress. More artwork and the Mythology the work is based on will continue to be added. Thank you for your interest, Skol!
Mythology and Artwork
MUNINN One of Odin's two ravens, the other is Huginn (ancient thought). Muninn has and represents the power of ancient memory. Both ravens fly all over the world of humans known as Midgard, and bring information to the god Odin. The names of the ravens, derived from old Norse are sometimes modernly anglicized as Hugin and Munin. Odin expressed fear they may not return from their flights but fears the most for Muninn's return. In this image Muninn is shown landing on a Viking burial ship after it has been set ablaze. Welcome to the spirit world where the past , present and future meet.
HUGINN One of Odin's two ravens, the other is Muninn (ancient memory). Huginn has and represents the power of ancient thought. Both ravens fly all over the world of humans known as Midgard, and bring information to the god Odin. The names of the ravens, derived from old Norse are sometimes modernly anglicized as Hugin and Munin. Odin expressed fear they may not return from their flights but fears the most for Muninn's return. In this image Huginn is seen rising from fire after Surtr set Asgard aflame at Ragnarok.
GINNUNGA-GAP. In the beginning at the dawn of time, in the centre of the universe there was a great abyss called Ginnunga-gap. It is where the Ley lines of time and space unfold. This is the very fabric of the universe that gave birth to life itself, Yggdrasil and the Nine worlds of the Norsemen. North of Ginnunga-Gap is Nifelheim the home of mist and darkness. South of this chasm is Muspelheim where Sutr brandished his sword sending sparks upon the ice blocks in the bottom of the abyss of Ginnunga-Gap. The continual action of heat and cold and the will of the unseen and uncreated a gigantic creature named Ymir came to life amid the ice blocks. Ymir was also called Hrim-Thurs or ice giant. In search of something to eat Ymir found a gigantic cow named Audhumla (the Nourisher). Ymir saw four great streams of milk that flowed from her udder and drank from them. Audhumla now began to lick the salt from a nearby ice block. Soon the hair of the first god appeared, she continued to lick eventually the head and then finally all of Buri (The Producer) was freed. Ymir the giant had fallen asleep as he slept a son and daughter were created from the sweat under his armpit. From his feet was produced Thrudgelmir who shortly after his birth brought forth Bergelmir, from who all frost giants descended. When the first frost giants became aware of Burri and his son Borr a war began between them and the frost giants. The gods and frost giants represent the forces of good and evil. Borr married the Giantess Bestla daughter of Bolthorn. (Thorn of Evil). Bestla bore three powerful sons Odin (spirit) Vili (will) Ve (holy). These three sons joined their father Borr in his struggle against the frost giants. They finally succeded in slaying Ymir their deadliest foe. as Ymir fell dead blood gushed from his wounds in such great flood all of his race drowned except for Bergelmir and his wife. The two of them escaped in a boat to the confines of a world known as Jotunheim where a new race of frost giants began. Odin Vili and Ve rolled Ymir's great corpse into the yawning abyss of Ginnunga-gap and began to create from his remains. Out of Ymir's flesh they created Midgard and placed in the middle of vast space and surrounded by Ymir's eyebrows, blood and sweat. This formed the oceans of Midgard, form his bones the hills, from his teeth the cliffs, from his hair the trees and all vegetation. the gods now took Ymir's giant skull and with it created the heavens above earth and sea. from Ymir's brain was created the clouds. To support the heavens above Midgard the gods placed four strong dwarves Nordri, Sudri, Austri and Westri at each corner. to give light to Midgard they fashioned sparks from Muspelheim this created the stars. The brightest sparks were used for the sun and moon and placed in golden chariots. It is here Huginn and Munnin begin their journey.
YGGDRASIL (Old Norse) Yggdrasil or Askr Yggdrasilis. This is one of the most important myths in Norse Mythology. Yggdrasil is the cosmic ash tree that supports the nine realms of the Norsemen. Odin performed a Shamanic death ritual by hanging himself from Yggdrasil for nine days and nights without food and water, wounded by his own blade and after he had taken a magic potion to obtain the Runes that gave Odin power over all things. In the above image the great dragon Nidhuggr is shown protecting Nifilheim with the eleven rivers (Elivagar) leaking out of it's skull and the roots of Yggdrasil clutched in it's teeth. Nidhuggr is burning in the eternal fire that forms the trunk and branches of Yggdrasil. In the flames are two Norns, female spirits that create and control fate. These two Norns are throwing the other Realms keeping them in orbit. Njord, Freyr, Freyja and the Aesir greatly influence Midgard. Therefore Bifrost the Rainbow Bridge is shown connecting Vanaheim, Asgard and Midgard. The face of Freyja is shown at the top choosing those who go to Valhalla, Folkvangr and the worthy souls from the unworthy. The nine realms are called ASGARD, VANAHEIM, ALFHEIM, SVARTALFHEIM, JOTUNHEIM, MIDGARD, MUSPELHEIM, HELHEIM and NIFLHEIM. These worlds are home to all different kinds of beings, Gods, Goddesses, Elves, Giants, Dwarves and Humans. Niflheim and Muspelheim were the first two realms created out of Ginnungagap, the rest were created out of Yimir the first Giant by Odin and his two brothers. ASGARD Home of the Gods. Odin is the ruler of Asgard, chieftain of all gods. Within Asgard is Valhalla, Odin's great Hall of Valour and the Einherjar, Odin's heroic dead and Folkvangr, Meadow of the Valkyries that is ruled by Freyja. VANAHEIM Home of the Vanir Gods. The Vanir are masters of sorcery and magic. They are known for their ability to predict the future and are an old branch of gods. Njord, Freyr and Freyja are three Vanir gods that went to live among Aesir after the Aesir-Vanir war as a gesture of peace. ALFHEIM Home of the Light Elves is a neighbour to Asgard. The Light Elves are angelic creatures in description and are the Norse "Guardian Angels" Freyr is the ruler of Alfheim, the light elves are associated with nature, fertility, they can help or hinder humans with their magical abilities. They also inspire artists, musicians and poets. SVARTALHEIM Home of the Dwarves. The Dwarves are masters of craftmanship for example they created the chain that binds Fenrir, Odin's spear Gungnir and the ring Draupnir. JOTUNHEIM Home of the Giants. The giants are fierce enemies of the Aesir. Loki, Ran (Norse sea goddess) her husband Aegir and their nine daughters are among the many Giants from Jotunheim. MIDGARD Home of the Humans. Located in the middle of Yggdrasil below Asgard. Midgard is surrounded by a huge ocean. Bifrost the Rainbow Bridge connects Midgard to Asgard. MUSPELHEIM The Land of Fire. Muspelheim is filled with lava and fire, a constantly burning realm. It is Ruled by the Fire Giant Sutr who sets Asgard aflame at Ragnarok. HELHEIM Home of the Dishonorable Dead. This is where all those who the gods deemed unworthy and lack courage are banished to. Hel, daughter of Loki and Angrboda is the ruler Helheim. A very miserable, grim and cold underworld. NIFLHEIM The realm of Fog and Mist. It is the darkest and coldest realm. Located at the bottom of Yggdrasil in the northern region of Ginnungagap. It is protected by the huge dragon Nidhuggr. The spring Hvergelmir is located in Niflheim. It is the source of the Eleven Rivers (Elivagar) and is the origin of all that is living. As Yggdrasil started to grow it stretched it's roots far into Hvergelmir to draw water.
ODIN Also known as Woden, Uuoden, Wuodan, Weda, Wuotan, Wodanaz, Allfather and Cheiftan of all Norse gods. Odin has about 100 names even the day of the week Wednesday bears his name. He is a widely revered god and is associated with wisdom, healing, death, royalty, gallows, knowledge, war, battle, victory, sorcery, poetry, and the runic alphabet. Odin is also the lord of frenzy or leader of the possessed, many Viking warriors would pray to Odin before battle. He is the son of Bestla and Borr, has two brothers Villi and Ve also fathered many sons most famous Thor and Baldr. He also fathered Vidir with the giantess Grid and fathered Heimdall with the nine giantess daughters of Ran and Aegir. Often accompanied by the wolves Geri and Frek and the ravens Huginn and Muninn. Odin has a relentless thirst for all knowledge, he sacrificed his eye to increase his knowledge and perception. He has performed many great deeds one of them was to fast and hang from Yggdrasil, the cosmic ash tree for nine days and nights in order to discover the Norse runes. Odin is associated with the Valkyries, divine shield maidens. Odin receives half of those that die in battle. They become the Einherjar, Odin's heroic dead who go to his great hall Valhalla. Odin is fated to be consumed by the great wolf Fenrir at Ragnarok. In this image Odin is seen in his hall Valhalla with his spear Gungnir. Joining him are his two ravens Huginn and Muninn bringing him information from Midgard the Realm of Humans. Odin known for changing form has taken the appearance of a common human man.
SLEIPNIR Is the offspring of Loki and Svadilfari. Sleipner is Odin's eight legged steed and is the best of all horses. Odin would ride Sleipner to lead the Wild Hunt a ghostly procession of the dead through the winter sky and sometimes to the underworld. After the death of Balder, Odin lent Hermod Sleipnir so he could journey the dark horrible road to Nifilheim. Even though Sleipnir would let none other than Odin upon his back, made the exception for Hermod. Together they went to Nifilheim to meet with the goddess Hel and get her to release Balder from her realm. Sleipnir is also associated with the work of shamans that will ride spirit animals to different realms including the underworld. There are different forms of these spirit animals that shamans ride in order to cover great distances quickly. In this image Sleipner is portrayed charging through fire in the battle of Asgard at Ragnarok.
NORDIC ELDER FUTHARK. this poster contains the Runic alphabet known as Nordic Elder Futhark. The Futhark alphabets are broken into 3 groups of Aetts (groups of eight). There are numerous versions of the Elder Futhark e.g. Nordic Elder Futhark (a combination of Swedish, Norwegian and Danish), Common/ Germanic, Gothic, Halsinge, Manx just to name a few. There is also the Younger Futhark and again there are numerous versions e.g. Nordic Viking Futhark and the Anglo Saxon Futhark which is very different from the Nordic Viking Futhark. The age and origin of Runes has been strongly argued among scholars. It is known that Northern Scandinavia had very little contact with the rest of Europe until the Migration period which began around 300-400 AD. Runes in Northern Scandinavia have been used since 1800 - 400 BCE. Sometimes Mythology throughout Human history has been used to best explain to one's abilities, occurrences, places and individuals. The Mythology of Odin appears throughout the recorded history of Northern Europe from the second century BCE when the Romans occupied Germania. The Mythology of Odin also explains the origin of the Runes and describes a Shamanic ritual involving Odin and how he acquired the Runes. There is also the myth of the Hyperboreans, the people of the Northernmost Isles who passed on symbols and the Runes to the Northern Peoples. It is known that the Phoenicians did mine Tin from the North Atlantic Islands from 2000 BCE and possibly sooner. Perhaps the Mythology of the Hyperboreans or Odin could be descriptions of the Phoenicians and interactions with them.
RUNIC MEANINGS, GODS AND DESCRIPTIONS. This poster is a table of Runic aspects. Runes were more than just an alphabet and a means of passing information down to future generations. They were also considered by some to be sacred and used for spiritual purposes. The Mythology of Odin describes a Shamanic near death experience ritual and explains the origin of the Runes in which Odin hung from Yggdrasil for nine days and nine nights without food and water, wounded by his own blade and after he had taken a magic potion. It was then that Odin acquired the Runes that gave him power over all things and mastery of all elements. In fact, each Rune has many aspects, the symbol, name, letter, meaning, element/ energy and god they represent. They are also used as a means to commune with the Norse/ Germanic gods by means of Rune casting, in which Runes are laid out in a specific pattern or cast out randomly. The Rune cast is then interpreted according to each Rune's individual aspects.
NORDIC VIKING FUTHARK. This poster contains Nordic Viking Runes which is a version of the Younger Futharks. This poster can be used to decipher Jelling stones found in Sweden and Manuscripts such as the Codex Runicus also known as The Runic Codex ( Scanian Law). There are numerous versions of the Younger Futhark e.g. Nordic Viking Futhark which consists of Runes the Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Vikings used and Dotted Runes. There is also the Anglo Saxon Futhark which is very different from the Nordic Viking Futhark. Younger Futharks were most commonly used throughout Scandinavia and the rest of Northern Europe. Even the English alphabet that's used today which is based on Latin was also influenced by the Elder and Younger Futharks.
THOR BATTLES JORMUNGANDR Thor is a god associated with thunder and lightning, storms, strength, hallowing and protector of mankind. The day of the week Thusday is named after Thor. He fathered one daughter Thrud (strength) and two sons Mothi (wrath), Magni (mighty) Thor is Odin's son and has numerous brothers including Baldr, Vidir and Heimdall. Thor rides in a chariot pulled by two goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjostr that he eats and resurrects. Thor wields the hammer Mjollnir, wears the belt Megingord , the gloves Jarngreipr and sometimes wields the staff Gridarvolr. Thor's exploits include the slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with Jormungandr who is the offspring of Loki and Angrboda. Jormungandr is the Midgard serpent that eats it's tail and circles all of Earth. When Jormangandr stops eating it's tail and begins to move that is when the oceans will rise, the Earth will tremble and Ragnarok will begin. Jormungandr and Thor are fated to slay each other at Ragnarok. In this painting Thor and Jormungandr are portrayed fighting each other at Ragnarok. Here Thor is shown ripping the Midgard serpent from this world leaving what is now known as the Mid Atlantic Ridge on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean on Midgard the Realm of Humans.
MJOLLNIR Hammer of Thor Used as both a devastating weapon and a divine instrument to provide blessings. The hammer was commonly worn as a pendant during the viking age and still is to this day. Mjollnir was created by two dwarves Brokkr (Metalworker) and Sindri (Spark Sprayer) Loki, who represents recreation, mischief, deception and malevolence bet the two dwarf brothers that they could not forge creations equal to that of the sons of Ivaldi. Loki waged his head, Brokkr and Sindri accepted the bet. As the dwarves went to work Loki disguised himself as a bee and stung Sindri's hand. This caused the dwarf to pull his work out of the fire and Gullinbursti (Golden Bristled) a living boar with golden hair was created. Sindri resumed his work this time with gold as Brokkr worked the bellows. Loki stung Brokkr on the neck and Sindri pulled out the ring Draupnir from which eight new rings fall every ninth night. Sindri now put iron on the hearth and told Brokkr they cannot make any more mistakes. Loki quickly stung Brokkrs eyelid as the blood flowed it blocked Brokkr's eye, this prevented the dwarf from being able to see clearly. Sindri still managed to create the hammer Mjollnir (Lightning) that was unsurpassed in quality, would never miss it's mark and return to the owner after being thrown. Its only flaw, the handle was short. Confident of the worth of their three creations Sindri and Brokkr went to Asgard to claim their wages. Loki however made it to Asgard before the dwarves and gave to Thor the hammer Mjollnir. To Odin the ring Draupnir and the spear Gungnir. The gods were so impressed and grateful for these creations they agreed that Loki still owed his head. When the dwarves went to claim their prize Loki stated that he did not bet his neck. Therefore the dwarves had to be content with sewing Loki's mouth shut.
VIDAR, BALDUR and HEIMDALL - VIDAR (top center) is the son of Odin and the Giantess Grid. He is both strong and taciturn also considered by the ancients to be a personification of the primaeval forest and the forces of nature. Vidar surnamed "The Silent" was destined to survive the destruction of the gods and rule over a regenerated earth. His habitation is in Landvidi (the wide land) situated in the midst of an impenetrable primaeval forest where deep silence and solitude reign. Vidar is large in stature, clad in armour, shod with great iron or leather. This is Vidar"s protection when he fights fire on the last day. Odin and Vidar journeyed to the Urdar fountain where Odin questioned the three Norns about Vidar's future and destiny. The three sisters answered; "Early begun" "Further spun" "One day done" To this their mother Wyrd the primitive goddess of fate also added "With joy once more won" The goddess then went on to explain that as time progresses all must change. Even if the father fell in the last battle his son Vidar would be the avenger and live to rule over a regenerated world after having conquered all his enemies. After hearing this Vidar said not a word and slowly returned to his palace in Landvidi where he pondered long about eternity and the future. If he understood their secrets he never revealed them. Vidar is also a symbol of resurrection and renewal. The armour he wore was to be his protection against the wolf Fenris (Fenrir Sulfur). After destroying Odin the great wolf then directed his wrath against Vidar. The old Northmen declared that Vidar braced his foot against the wolf's lower jaw, seized the upper and destroyed Fenris. - BALDER (bottom left) is the son of Odin and Frigga. He is also the twin brother of Hodur the god of darkness. The twin brothers were as dissimilar in appearance as they were in character. Baldur was worshipped as the pure and radiant god of innocence and light. Also known as the sun god and was beloved by both gods and men. Baldur rapidly attained his full growth and was early admitted to the council of gods. The god of light was well versed in the science of runes and herbology. The only thing hidden from his eyes was his fate. One day the gods became greatly troubled when the noticed a change in Balder, the light died out of his eyes , his face became worn, his step was heavy and slow. When Odin and Frigga implored him to reveal what troubles him, Baldur confessed he had been haunted by strange and dark dreams that left him feeling fear when he awoke. This troubled Odin and Frigga greatly for they too were oppressed by strange forebodings. Believing that Baldur's life was threatened, Odin and Frigga took action. They sent servants in every direction with strict instructions to have all living creatures, plants, metals, stones, everything animate and inanimate to swear a solemn vow not to harm Baldur. All creation took the oath for nothing on earth did not love the radiant sun god. The servants returned to Frigga telling her all had sworn the oath save for the mistletoe growing upon the oak at the gate of Valhalla believing such a puny inoffensive thing could offer any harm. Odin however had resolved to consult with one of the dead Vala prophetesses. To do this he rode Sleipnir his eight legged steed over the rainbow bridge Bifrost and took the dreary road that leads to Giallar, Nifilheim and straight into Hel's dark abode. Here Odin began to chant solemnly and trace runes to raise the dead. The tomb opened and a prophetess rose asking who dared to raise her. Odin not wanting to reveal his identity claimed he was Vegtam son of Valtam and said he had awakened her to inquire for whom Hel had prepared her couches and a festive meal. The prophetess confirmed Odin's fears and stated the guest will be Balder who is destined to be slain by his brother Hodur the blind god of darkness. Odin then inquired who would avenge Balder, for revenge and retaliation are sacred duties of the northern races. The prophetess predicted that Rinda the earth goddess will bear Odin a son named Vali who will neither wash his face nor comb his hair until he avenged Balder's death. Odin then asked "who will refuse to weep at Balder's death?" This question showed knowledge of the future that no mortal could possess and the prophetess immediately realized she was speaking to Odin. Refusing to answer anymore questions she returned to her tomb stating none will raise her again until the end of the world. Odin now mounted Sleipnir and began his miserable journey back to Asgaard. Meanwhile on the playground of the gods that was situated on the green plain of Ida and was called Idavold, here the gods learned that Balder could not be harmed by any manner of weapon or object, etc. No matter how hard they tried, for everything vowed not to harm Balder. An old woman passing by watching all this was none other than Loki himself in disguise. Loki became jealous of Balder for he was so greatly loved by everyone and everything while Loki was feared and avoided as much as possible. Then Loki still disguised as the old woman saw Frigga and asked why nothing will harm Balder. Frigga then stated that all things living and inanimate swore a vow not to harm Balder except the mistletoe for it was too small and weak to be feared. This was all the information that Loki needed and found the mistletoe growing by Valhalla's gate and using magic he transformed the object to an unnatural hardness and size. Loki then fashioned an arrow from the mistletoe and headed to Idavold where the gods were still throwing weapons and objects at Balder. here he saw Hodur leaning against a tree looking miserable and inquired why the melancholy. Hodur then told Loki that he is unable to participate in the fun due to his blindness. Loki then put the mistletoe arrow into Hodur's hand and led him into the middle of the circle, guiding Holdur's hand holding the bow in the direction of Balder and then instructed to release the arrow. Holdur to his dismay expecting laughter instead heard cries of horror from everyone as Balder fell dead to the ground after being pierced by the mistletoe arrow. When Frigga saw the terrible event that happened she implored that the gods must go to Nifilheim and meet with Hel to persuade her to release Balder. The journey to Nifiheim was miserable and painful to the extreme therefore none of the gods volunteered to go. When Frigga promised that she and Odin would reward and love the messenger above all the Aesir, Hermod agreed to go. Odin lent Hermod Sleipner. The noble steed would not let anyone on his back except for Odin, let Hermod on his back without hesitation. During Hermod's ten day journey to Nifilheim the gods had prepared a massive and glorious funeral pyre upon the deck of Balder's ship Ringhorn. It was greatly attired with tapestry hangings, weapons, objects of great wealth and flowers. One by one the gods bade their last farewell, when Nanna bent over Balder her heart broke and she fell lifeless by his side. Seeing this the gods laid her by his side so she may accompany her husband even in death. Odin was now the last of the gods to approach and added to the offerings his magic ring Draupnir. The gods now prepared to move the ship and found it was so massive they could not move the ship an inch. Therefore they had to summon the storm giantess Hyrrokin. She soon appeared riding a giant wolf guided by a bridle made of writhing snakes. After dismounting she set her shoulder against the stern and with a tremendous effort sent the ship rushing into the water. The weight was so massive the earth shook and the rollers the ship glided on caught fire from the friction. When Hermod arrived at Hel's banqueting hall on the tenth night he found Balder pale and dejected and his wife Nanna sitting beside him. Hermod in vain informed Balder he had come to redeem him Balder shook his head and said no. For he know he should remain in this cheerless realm until the last day but implored Hermod to take Nanna for this was no place for her. Hearing this Nanna clung even closer to her husband's side vowing nothing will make her part from him and that she'll stay with him forever even in Nifilheim. Hermod then sought Hel and implored her to release Balder as she sat in silence listening to the request. Finally Hel declared she will allow Balder's release providing all things animate and inanimate show their sorrow by shedding tears. Hermod then journeyed back to Asgaard carrying with him the ring Draupnir Baldur sent back to Odin along with a carpet from Nanna to Frigga and a ring for Fulla. When Hermod returned to Asgaard the Aesir sent heralds to every part of the world to bid all things animate and inanimate weep for Balder. North, South, East and West all beings and things both living and inanimate shed tears with the exception of a Giantess named Thok. When bade to shed tears she mocked the heralds, as she returned to her cave she declared that no tear shall fall from her eyes and that she cares not if Hel keeps Balder forever. - HEIMDALL (bottom right) is the son of Odin and the nine daughters of the sea goddess Ran. Walking along the sea-shore Odin beheld nine beautiful giantesses, the wave maidens Hevring, Blodughadda, Himinglava, Hronn, Duva, Unn, Kolga, Bylgia and Bara. The Allfather was so charmed by their beauty he wedded all nine of them and they combined into one to bring forth a son named Heimdall. The watcher of the gods and guardian of the rainbow bridge Bifrost. "Born was I of mothers nine, Son I am of sisters nine." ( Saemund's Edda, Thorpes tr.) The nine mothers nourished their son on the strength of the earth, the moisture of the sea and the heat of the sun. This diet was so strengthening that Heimdall acquired full growth in a very short period of time and quickly joined his father in Asgaard. Here he found the gods proudly contemplating the rainbow bridge Bifrost, which they had constructed from fire, air and water. These materials can be plainly seen in its long arch, the three colours glowing. Red representing fire, blue the air and green the cool depths of the sea. This bridge connected Asgaard to both Vanaheim and Midgaard (heaven and earth) and ended under the shade of the cosmic ash tree Yggdrasil beside the fountain where Mimir kept guard. Bifrost needed to be well guarded from the ever present threat of the frost giants making their way over it to gain entrance into Asgaard. The gods had decided to appoint a new guardian and hailed Heimdall as the one well suited for the position. Gladly Heimdall accepted this honour and kept vigilant watch day and night over the rainbow bridge into Asgaard. To enable their watchman to detect any enemy approach from afar the gods bestowed upon Heimdall senses so great he could hear the grass grow on the hillside, the wool on a sheep's back, to see one hundred miles as plainly as night by day and requied less sleep than a bird. Heimdall was also gifted with a magic flashing sword called Hufuth and a great trumpet called Giallar-horn which Heimdall would blow whenever enemies approached. It's sound would rouse all creatures in the god worlds, earth and Nifilheim, its last dreaded blast would announce the last day, Ragnarok. Giallar-horn was a symbol of the crescent moon, which Heimdall would either hang from the branches of Yggdrasil or sank in the waters of MImir's well where it lay beside Odin's eye which was an emblem of the moon at full. Heimdall was always depicted in immaculate white armour and was also known as the bright god or the light, innocent and graceful god. All names which he deserved. Connected on his mother's side to the sea he was also included with the Vanas. To the ancient Northmen especially in Iceland the surrounding sea appeared to be the most important element. They fancied all things that had risen out from it. They attributed to Heimdall all-embracing knowledge and wisdom like his father Odin. Heimdall was further distinguished by his flashing golden teeth therefore his surname was Gullintani (golden-toothed). He had a swift golden-maned steed named Gull-top which he rode many times over the rainbow bridge, especially early in the morning as herald of the day. He was also known as Heimdellinger.
TYR GOD OF WAR, LAW AND JUSTICE. Pronounced "Tier". (Old Norse) Tyr, (Old English) Tiw, in modern English "Tuesday" from Old English "Day of Tiw". The Rune Tiwaz is associated with Tyr, it represents the letter "T" and it is the arrow symbol that is used today to indicate "direction". Vikings would sometimes paint the Tiwaz rune on their shields and pray to Tyr along with Thor and Odin for victory. In the mythology of The Binding of Fenrir, Tyr was the only one who would place their hand in the fearsome beast's mouth as a show of good faith and only then would Fenrir allow the gods to bind him. When Fenrir could not break free, he took Tyr's hand. Thus Tyr proved himself to be the god of Justice by sacrificing his hand in order to uphold justice. Just as Odin sacrificed one of his eyes in the pursuit of wisdom. In the above image Tyr is portrayed sailing ashore the Vigrid plain at Ragnarok with Fenrir closing in.
THE BATTLE OF FENRIR AT RAGNAROK. Fenrir ( Old Norse) Fenrirsulfr (Old Norse) also known as Fenris-wolf. Is the infamous Grey Wolf whose jaws reach from the ground to the heavens, he watches Valhalla and slays Odin at Ragnarok. Fenrir is the son of Loki and Angrboda, brother to both Jormungandr and the underworld goddess Hel. In order to control Fenrir and to prevent him from wreaking havok and chaos throughout the nine realms, the Aesir gods took it upon themselves to raise this loathsome beast. Fenrir grew extremely fast, this troubled the gods greatly and tired of being terrorized to no end they decided to restrain him. After two unsuccessful attempts they tried to trick Fenrir by convincing him it was a game to test his strength. The dwarves forged the strongest chain ever made, it was deceptively light, soft to the touch and Fenrir wanted no part of it. After Tyr who was the only god that agreed to put his hand in Fenrir's mouth as a show of good faith then did the suspicious beast let the gods bind him. When Fenrir discovered he could not break free, he became more angry than ever and ripped Tyr's hand from his arm. The gods quickly tied the chain around a boulder and put a sword in the wildly and ceaselessly howling beast's jaws to hold them open. The foamy river that flowed from his drooling mouth was named Expectation. Just as the name implies this was not the end of Fenrir. Sure enough at Ragnarok Fenrir managed to break free and consume everything in his path from ground to sky. The above image is the Battle of Fenrir at Ragnarok that reaches from the ground to the heavens and consumes the sky.
SHIPS OF RAGNAROK. Inspired by the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Each ship represents one of the Four Horsemen. From left to right; Conquest, War, Famine and Death. In this painting these ships are seen flying over what is now New York City as they sail across Midgard the World of Humans. Ragnarok is a series of natural disasters, war, conquest, famine, death and the submersion of water that occurred on all of Midgard. These events have been occurring on Midgard again.
NJORD - God of the Sea, Wealth and Fertility. He is the Father of Frejyr and Frejya and one of the principal Vanir gods that went to live among the Aesir after the Vanir - Aesir war. Njord is a good natured god with a sense of humor. It is believed that Frejyr and Frejya's mother is Njord's sister Nerthus and Njord would probably tell you that if you had a beautiful goddess for a sister don't judge. Associated with wealth, The sea, and fertility Njord was widely worshiped by the Norse peoples. A saying for the wealthy was " To be as rich as Njord." A widely known myth is The Marriage of Njord and Skadi. When Njord went to live among the Vanir, The giantess Skadi went to the Aesir to seek compensation for the murder of her Father. The Aesir agreed and let Skadi choose any god she wanted by only seeing their feet. She choose Njord believing it was Balder. The marriage was short lived. half of each year was spent in the snowy mountain home of Skadi which Njord hated. The other half was spent in Njord's home Noatun ( the Place of Ships) located on the beach and Skadi wanted no part of that. The two soon parted ways. The above image portrays Njord on his beloved ship sailing between the 9 worlds of the Norsemen. on the sail is the rune Naud which means the "Need Fire" that burns through the darkest times and the darkness is the future that remains hidden. A good rune to have on any journey. Naud is associated with Skuld, she is the Norn that rules the future and death .
FREYJR - Son of Njord and Nerthus, brother to Freyja. he was born in Vanaheim, is ruler of Alfheim and master of magic, nature and peace. Freyjr is an embodiment of divine masculine energy, he is also associated with fertility like his sister Freyja. Freyjr is well loved amongst both gods and mortals and has taken many lovers, both goddesses and mortals alike. After the Aesir - Vanir war a truce was made that involved Njord, Freyjr and Freyja live amongst the Aesir in Asgaard as a show of good faith. In this image Freyjr is portrayed as a nature spirit manifesting in a tree, the pregnant woman symbolizes his connection to fertility.
FREYJA - ( Old Norse; Lady ) Goddess of Fertility, Love, Battle, Death and Chooser of the Slain. Freyja is the daughter of Njord and sister of Freyr. She is one of the Vanir gods and has many vital roles. Half of those that die in battle Freyja would take to Folkvangar where the Valkyries reside. The other half known as the Einherjar would go to Valhalla. Also known as Queen of the Valkyries, she's a shield maiden and would lead the other Valkyries into battle. Freyja possessed the Brisingamen a famous necklace forged by the Dwarves, she practiced and taught a form of magic called Seithr, could see the future, has a chariot pulled by cats and pigs are sacred to her. In this image a metamorphosis is occurring between Midgaard (the world of Humans ) and the God worlds. Here Freyja is portrayed on horseback about charge into battle. Freyja, a goddess to both mortals and divine spirits is honour bound to protect and avenge. No evil deed or malice goes unnoticed by her.
VALKYRIE Chooser of the Slain. One of the female figures that chose who may live and who may die in battle. Selecting among half of those that die in battle they take to Folkvangr, Freyja's afterlife. The other half go to Odin's hall Valhalla where they become the Einharjar, Odin's heroic dead. Valkyries are also the lovers and heroes of other mortals and described as the daughters of royalty. They are connected to swans, horses and sometimes accompanied by ravens. In this image a Valkyrie is seen on Midgard to do battle and to claim Einharjar.
EIR - Godess of Healing, Warrior, Protector. One of the more mysterious deities in Norse Mythology is Eir. She is primarily associated with healing, master of childbirth and handmaiden to Frigga. Eir is also a guardian of Menglod, Valkyries and Norns. Her healing magic comes from spells and potions made from white flowers. Eir is a healer of both gods and mortals, her healing magic spreads through the Nine realms of the Norsemen and can bring life to even the darkest world. She is also associated with the element copper. This illustration portrays Eir on horseback leading two Disirs (female helping spirits) and other immortal dieties sailing the ships in the background. This is their journey over the mountains of Lyfjaberg from Jotunn to Asunjar under the ever watchful eye of Odin.
HUGINN, MUNINN and DISIR The Disir are female spirits that are like the Valkyries. They are one of the most vexing and enigmatic groups of beings in the mythology and spiritual beliefs of the Pre-Christian Norse and Germanic peoples. Valkyries for example are also referred to as Herjans Disir ("Odin's Disir"). The Disir and Valkyries are times warlike and at other times nourishing and protective. The Disir are also tutelary, "Guardian Spirits". They do not seek to distinguish themselves from other tutelary spirits. They can also be the spirits of deceased female ancestors, one of many traits they share with the light elves from Alfheimr which is located next to Asgard. Across the Germanic lands, Iceland and Norway there is a festival known as Disablot ("Sacrifice to the Disir") it is held around the beginning of winter in honour of the Disir. In Sweden the Disaping ("Disir-Assembly") was held at the beginning of February. Even the Ango-Saxons have the Modraniht ("Mothers Night") which took place around New Year's . there is also the Germanic and Celtic "Matron Cult". The "Matrons" are also very similar to the Disir and the Valkyries. In this image the spirits of both Huginn and Muninn ( Odin's Ravens ) are manifesting behind the beloved Disir named Heitstrenging.
HULDA - In Nordic literature she is a goddess that is very fair, elegant in appearance and associated with the spinning of flax. In Germanic folklore she is known as Holda or Frau Holle, goddess of domestic arts, Winter, Witches and The Underworld but not the same part of the underworld as the Nordic goddess Hel. Instead her realm is a different, strange and magical part that has the "Elder Tree" which is known as the medicine chest to the common people because of its healing properties. She is also a Goddess to the Faerie Folk. Hulda, Holda represents many different aspects of femininity including the Maiden, Mother and Crone. She is associated with the spinning of Flax, cooking, cleaning, childcare and protector of children despite the myths about her stealing the souls of dead children. She is a patron of housewives and married couples, rewards hardwork and punishes those who are lazy. In this Illustration she is portrayed as the Mother, Maiden, Crone along with the sensual sides of femininity.
RAN and her NINE DAUGHTERS - Ran is the mother and queen of the Northern seas. She is the wife of Aegir the king of the Northern seas. Ran, like her daughters can appear with legs or in mermaid form,. She is a sea giantess both beautiful and deadly. Ran takes on the darker, destructive aspects of the sea and is maker of all sea storms in the northern oceans. Her name means robber, ravenger or plunderer. Ran makes it very clear that she is a ravenger. She also collects and takes souls of the dead to Aegirheim. although Aegir is an ally to the Vanir and Aesir gods, Ran is an ally to Hela the Goddess of Death. Portrayed in this illustration Ran is in the centre. From left to right are the daughters of Ran and Aegir. Each daughter represents different aspects of the sea. HEVRING - Heaving Storms and Mourning's Mistress. BLODUGHADDA - Blood Hair and Shark's Delight. HIMINGLAVA - Mermaid of Fair Weather and Sunlight. HRONN - Mistress of Whirlpools, Eels and Fear. DUVA - The Hidden One and Keeper of Island Treasures. UNN - Billowing Tides and Maiden of the Counting Moon's Rythm. KOLGA - The Cold One, Ice Maiden of Floes and Castles. BYLGIA - Breaker's Dancer and Rider of the Wave Horse. BARA - Great Wave of the Whale, battering the land's stalwart stand. Viking's would often make offerings of gold, silver and jewels to Ran and her daughters in the hopes of safe passage. They believed that those who were lost and drowned at sea were actually captured and dragged down to the very depths by Ran and her daughters.
References
Skjalden.com The Nine Realms in Norse Mythology https://skjalden.com/nine-realms-in-norse-mythology/
Norse Mythology.org https://norse-mythology.org/
Myths of the Norsemen - H.A. Guerber www.doverpublications.com
The Little Giant Encyclopedia of Runes https://www.amazon.ca/Little-Giant%C2%AE-Encyclopedia-Runes/dp/0806949945
Anglo Saxon Runes https://www.arild-hauge.com/eanglor.htm
Jelling Stones, Nordic Elder and Viking Age Runes http://www.runforum.nordiska.uu.se/runecast/episode-3/
Runic Codex https://www.apmanuscripts.com/special-collection/codex-runicus
Uppsala Universitet / Institutionen för nordiska språk https://www.nordiska.uu.se/
Northern Paganism https://www.northernpaganism.org/shrines/holda/about.html
Nine Sisters https://www.northernpaganism.org/shrines/ninesisters/ran/honoring-ran.html
About
Welcome to Muninn’s Eyes my name is Eric Nordkvist a.k.a. Muninn. I’m a Digital Multimedia Artist located in Winnipeg Manitoba Canada.